summary of chapter 1

there are many factors that contributed in the developement of communication in the past such as geographycal space: the pread of communication had change the understanding of geography.
geography and the mythical: changes that are likely to result from the use of communication in terms of physical movement such as immigration.
Ancient encounters of societies: there was also some informal networks of communicvation such as travelers and traders; not only official communication between the states.
Mapemakers: helped to unlock the unknown worlds and a precise geographic situation of a particular state.
The printing press: helped to untroduce nationalism and to lay the basis for the reformation.
The growth of the Telegraph: rapid transmission of information.